Gradually delinquent rate is seriously increasing and if its increase by this way then it will create a serious panic for our nation in the future. We also know that, many study shows that, there has a high possibility to become a delinquent to a criminal. So we have to prevent it in the beginning. To prevent the increasing rate of delinquency we have to know what factors are responsible for increasing delinquency rate. The social bonding theory of delinquency shows the reason of being delinquent and it obtain high support in the western. The purpose of the study is justifying western knowledge in the context of Bangladesh. This research shows that in the context of Bangladesh attachment (to parents, peers, teachers and adult) is not responsible for delinquency. Commitment is moderately responsible for delinquency; social Involvement and belief are highly responsible for delinquency. And finally the four factors of measuring bonding concept shows that the strength is moderate but at present the rate of delinquent involvement is high, so it is moderately rejected in our country. This study has done over 91 respondents, which was selected through Systematic Random sampling method.
Social bonding
theory generally focuses on informal system. The proposition of social bonding
theory is that when an individual bond to society is weak or broken then the
result will be motivated to delinquent acts or criminal acts. Hirschi posited
four social bonds that promote socialization and conformity. They are
attachment, commitment, involvement and beliefs. These four bonds show the
extent of individual social control and its relationship with deviance or
delinquency and determine techniques and strategies that regulate human
behavior. Attachment takes three forms: attachment to parents, to school
(teachers) and peers. The significant
attachment to parents refrain the child from delinquency.
The strength of
attachment to parents depends on the depth and quality of parent-child
interaction. Hirschi linked inability to function well in school to delinquency
through the following chain of events: academic incompetence leads to poor
school performance; poor school performance results in a dislike of school;
dislike of school leads to rejection of teachers and administrators as
authorities, than the result is delinquency. Thus attachment to school depends
on a youngster’s appreciation for the institution, perception of how he or she
is received by teachers and peers, and level of achievement in class.
Hirschi’s second
groups of bond consists of commitment to or investment in conventional line of
action-that is, support of and participation in social activities that tie the
individual to the society’s moral or ethical code. Hirschi identified a number
of stakes in conformity or commitments: vocational aspirations, educational
expectation, and educational aspirations. Hirschi’s third bond is involvement,
or preoccupation with activities that promote the interests of society. This
bond is derived from involvement in school related activities (such as
homework) rather than in working class adult activities (such as smoking and
drinking). A person who is busy doing conventional things has little time for
deviant activities. The last of the bonds, belief, consists of assent to the
society’s value system. The value system of any society entails respect for its
laws and for the people and institutions that enforce them. The results of
Hirschi’s survey lead to the conclusion that if young people no longer believe
laws are fair, their bond to society weakens, and the probability that they
will commit delinquent acts increases.
The stronger
these four elements of social bonding, the more the individual’s behavior will
be controlled in the direction of conformity. The weaker they are, the more
likely it is that the individual will violate the law. These four elements are
highly intercorrelated; the weakening of one will probably be accompanied by
the weakening of another. In social bonding theory, Hirchi says that, those who
break laws they are motivated by their inability to fit the normal, cohesive
order. They are “discontent”, “frustrated”, “deprived” (Hirchi, 1969). These
negative tendencies grow from a discrepancy between aspirations and
expectations. Hirchi found that academic aptitude was related to delinquency.
Hirchi also found that the closer the child’s relations with his parents, the
more he is attached to and identifies with them, the lower his chances of
delinquency. Hirchi explored the relationship of delinquency and attachment to
school. He found that a general dislike of school, a disdain for what teachers
think of students were all related to higher levels of delinquency. The more
attached the boy/girl was to the school environment and its norms, the less
likely he/she was to be delinquent.
Social bonding
theory is very much important for giving explanation of the causes of
delinquency in the western. Michael handling studied on this theory found that
no relationship with attachment and delinquency and strong relationship of
involvement and delinquency. Latter Lind and Hackler (1973), Conger (1976),
Elliott, et al (1985) found that attachment to delinquent’s peer’s leas to
delinquency but this the contrary to bonding theory. Jensen and Brownfield
(1983) did a study on social bonding theory and he found that the
sometimes-parental attachment encourages delinquency. Krohn and Massy (1980)
see that the social bonding variables are moderately related to serious
delinquency.
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